Structure of Atom
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Structure of Atom — Introduction
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that takes part in chemical reactions. Although atoms are very small, they are made of even smaller particles called subatomic particles.
This topic is important because it explains why elements react, form ions, and take fixed places in the periodic table.
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Discovery of Subatomic Particles
Scientists discovered that atoms are divisible.
Thomson proposed the plum pudding model, in which electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere. This model was later rejected because it could not explain Rutherford's observations.
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Rutherford and Bohr Model
Rutherford's model said that most of the atom is empty space and almost all mass is concentrated in a tiny positively charged nucleus. Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
But this model could not explain why electrons do not lose energy continuously. So Niels Bohr improved it.
Bohr's model is useful for school-level atomic structure.
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Atomic Number, Mass Number, Isotopes and Ions
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having same atomic number but different mass number.
Ions are charged atoms.
These ideas are often asked in MCQs and numerical identification questions.
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Points to Remember