Background & Causes of Indian National Movement refers to the historical, political, economic, and social conditions that gave rise to organised resistance against British colonial rule in India.

The Indian National Movement did not begin suddenly — it was the result of decades of exploitation, discrimination, and awakening among Indians.

Key triggers:

• ›Economic exploitation by the British
• ›Political humiliation of Indians
• ›Social and religious reform movements
• ›Role of education and press
• ›Influence of Western ideas of liberty and nationalism

In BPSC TRE-4, this chapter appears under History and Social Science, testing causes of early movements, the 1857 revolt, and rise of nationalism.