पौधे
Plants are living organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae. They are autotrophs — they make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through a process called photosynthesis.
Understanding plants is essential for ecology, agriculture, and life science — all key topics in BPSC TRE-4 Science.
पौधे
Classification of Plants
Plants are divided into two major groups:
1. Non-Vascular Plants (Bryophytes)
2. Vascular Plants
- Pteridophytes — ferns (no seeds)
- Gymnosperms — seeds without fruit (e.g., Pine, Cycas)
- Angiosperms — seeds inside fruit; most common (e.g., mango, wheat)
पौधे
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants make food.
Equation:
`6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂`
1. Light reactions — occur in thylakoid membrane; split water, release O₂
2. Calvin cycle (Dark reactions) — occur in stroma; produce glucose
Plants store food as starch.
पौधे
Parts of a Plant & Their Functions
Xylem transports water upward (root → leaf). Phloem transports food downward (leaf → root).
पौधे
Points to Remember