Background & Causes
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Background & Causes of Indian National Movement refers to the historical, political, economic, and social conditions that gave rise to organised resistance against British colonial rule in India.
The Indian National Movement did not begin suddenly — it was the result of decades of exploitation, discrimination, and awakening among Indians.
Key triggers:
In BPSC TRE-4, this chapter appears under History and Social Science, testing causes of early movements, the 1857 revolt, and rise of nationalism.
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Economic Causes — How Britain Drained India:
Exam tip: Dadabhai Naoroji's Drain of Wealth is the most tested economic cause — his book title, year (1901), and the phrase 'Un-British' are all asked.
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Political & Administrative Causes:
Exam tip: The Doctrine of Lapse affected Jhansi (Rani Laxmibai's state) — a favourite BPSC question.
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Social, Religious & Intellectual Causes:
Socio-Religious Reform Movements prepared Indians for nationalism:
Role of Press & Education:
Exam tip: Brahmo Samaj (1828) and Arya Samaj (1875) founding years are frequently confused in BPSC — Brahmo is OLDER.
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BPSC TRE-4 Exam Patterns — Background & Causes:
Most frequently asked:
Common traps in BPSC:
Exam tip: BPSC frequently tests Viceroy-policy pairs — memorise: Dalhousie→Doctrine of Lapse, Curzon→Partition of Bengal, Lytton→Vernacular Press Act & Arms Act, Ripon→Ilbert Bill.
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Points to Remember