Endocrine Glands and Hormones — Which Gland, Which Hormone, Which Disease

Take the duct away from a gland and you have an endocrine gland: it releases its secretion straight into the blood, which then carries it everywhere. Salivary glands and sweat glands keep their ducts and stay exocrine. The pancreas and the gonads do both jobs at once, which is why they are called mixed or heterocrine glands and why they turn up in so many questions.

Hormones themselves are chemical messengers. The body needs them in tiny amounts, destroys them after use and must keep making fresh supply — so a gland that stops working shows up as a disease very quickly. The word hormone was coined by Bayliss and Starling, and the first hormone ever identified was secretin.

Almost nothing in this topic can be worked out. Every mark comes from three linked columns: the gland, the hormone it releases, and the disorder that appears when it releases too little or too much.

1. Which gland is known as the master gland of the human body?

2. Deficiency of which hormone causes diabetes insipidus?

3. Insulin is secreted by which cells of the human body?

4. Deficiency of thyroxine in children causes which disorder?

5. Which hormone raises the level of calcium in the blood?

6. Adrenaline, often called the emergency hormone, is secreted by:

7. Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

8. Insulin was first isolated in 1921 by: