Fundamental Rights — Articles 12 to 35

The Six Rights and Where They Live

Fundamental Rights sit in Part III of the Constitution, Articles 12 to 35. They are borrowed in spirit from the US Bill of Rights.

There were originally seven. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 removed the Right to Property (Article 31) and made it an ordinary legal right under Article 300A. Six remain:

1. 1.Right to Equality — Articles 14–18
2. 2.Right to Freedom — Articles 19–22
3. 3.Right against Exploitation — Articles 23–24
4. 4.Right to Freedom of Religion — Articles 25–28
5. 5.Cultural and Educational Rights — Articles 29–30
6. 6.Right to Constitutional Remedies — Article 32

Why exams love this chapter: the article numbers are fixed, factual and easy to test. Learn the numbers and the marks are guaranteed.

1. Which Fundamental Right was removed from the Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978?

2. Which Article did Dr B. R. Ambedkar call the "heart and soul of the Constitution"?

3. Article 21A, which provides free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14, was inserted by which amendment?

4. The writ of Habeas Corpus is issued to:

5. Which Article abolishes untouchability?

6. How many freedoms are guaranteed to citizens under Article 19 at present?

7. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below which age in factories and hazardous work?

8. Which of the following Fundamental Rights is available to all persons, including foreigners?