Vikari and Avikari Shabd — The Four That Change, the Four That Never Do, and the Words That Switch Sides

Hindi classifies words four different ways, and papers ask all four. By origin: tatsam, tadbhav, deshaj, videshaj. By formation: rudh, yaugik, yogarudh. By meaning. And by प्रयोग — the job the word does in the sentence. This card set is the fourth one, and it is the classification that produces the most questions.

By प्रयोग there are eight categories in two families of four.

विकारी शब्द — संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया. Their form changes with लिंग, वचन, कारक or काल. लड़का becomes लड़के and लड़कों; अच्छा becomes अच्छी and अच्छे; लिखना becomes लिखता, लिखी, लिखेंगे.

अविकारी शब्द, also called अव्यय — क्रियाविशेषण, संबंधबोधक, समुच्चयबोधक, विस्मयादिबोधक. Their form never changes in any condition. और stays और, धीरे stays धीरे, अरे stays अरे.

One test separates the families: put the word into feminine and then into plural. If it moves, it is विकारी. If it refuses, it is अव्यय.

1. Which of the following words is अविकारी (indeclinable)?

2. In the sentence 'मैं यह काम आप ही कर लूँगा', the word आप is:

3. In the phrase 'कुछ दूध लाओ', the word कुछ is:

4. In the sentence 'वह मुझसे पहले आया', the word पहले is:

5. Which word is the भाववाचक संज्ञा (abstract noun) formed from मीठा?

6. In the sentence 'माँ ने नौकर से खाना बनवाया', the verb बनवाया is:

7. In the sentence 'वह धीरे-धीरे चलता है', the word धीरे-धीरे is:

8. In the phrase 'बहुत सुंदर चित्र', the word बहुत is: