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An Election Is Run by Four Layers
Every Indian election rests on four layers, and exams ask which layer does what. The first is the Constitution: Part XV, Articles 324 to 329. The second is law made by Parliament: the Representation of the People Acts of 1950 and 1951. The third is the referee, the Election Commission of India. The fourth is the set of tools and rules it uses: electoral rolls, EVMs with VVPAT, NOTA and the Model Code of Conduct.
Most wrong answers come from mixing layers. A student who knows that Article 326 gives every adult the vote may still pick it when the question asks who controls elections. A student who knows the Model Code may assume it is a law. It is not.
This short sorts each fact into its layer, adds the dates and numbers that appear in objective papers, and ends with a rule of thumb for each trap.
1. Which Article of the Constitution vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections in the Election Commission?
2. The voting age in India was lowered from 21 to 18 years by which Constitutional Amendment?
3. Corrupt practices in elections and the settlement of election disputes are mainly governed by:
4. The VVPAT slip system was first used in India in a by-election held at:
5. Which statement about the Model Code of Conduct is correct?
6. In a constituency NOTA receives the highest number of votes. What is the legal result?
7. A candidate's security deposit is forfeited if the candidate secures less than what share of the valid votes polled?
8. Which Article bars the courts from questioning the validity of laws on delimitation of constituencies and allotment of seats?