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Avyay: Words That Never Change
Most Hindi words change their form. A noun changes with number, an adjective with gender, a verb with person and tense. Avyay, also called avikari shabd, is the group that does not change at all, whatever the gender, number, case or tense around it. The word अचानक stays अचानक in every sentence.
There are four kinds: kriyavisheshan (adverb), sambandhbodhak (relation word), samuchchayabodhak (joining word) and vismayadibodhak (word of feeling). Together they appear in nearly every Hindi grammar section of SSC, railway, CTET language and BPSC TRE-4 papers, usually as a sentence with an underlined word and the question: which kind is it?
The difficulty is not learning four names. It is that one word can belong to different kinds in different sentences. In this short you get one question to ask for each kind, so you decide by the sentence and not by the word alone.
1. Which of the following words is an avyay (an unchanging word)?
2. In the sentence वह धीरे-धीरे चलता है, what kind of word is धीरे-धीरे?
3. In the sentence उसने घर के पास पेड़ लगाया, what is the word पास?
4. In वह थका था, इसलिए जल्दी सो गया, the word इसलिए is which kind of samuchchayabodhak?
5. In मैं स्टेशन पहुँचा, परंतु गाड़ी जा चुकी थी, the word परंतु is:
6. In हाय! बहुत बुरा हुआ, the word हाय expresses which feeling?
7. In which sentence is the word ऊपर used as a sambandhbodhak?
8. In यदि तुम परिश्रम करोगे तो सफल होगे, the pair यदि...तो is: